Sending workers up on a roof comes with one big, obvious hazard. There are leading edges at every side and falling from any of them can result in a very serious injury.
In addition to those leading edges, you also have to worry about HVAC systems, roofs with multiple levels, skylights, roof hatches, and any number of potential trip hazards. Not to mention the risks associated with tools or materials falling off the roof to a lower level.
Given all these hazards, it's perhaps not surprising that it can be counted under 4 of OSHA's top 10 most frequently cited safety standards.